After Japan's surrender in 1945, China's civil war renewed. A civil war between the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) broke out in 1927, though the war was halted when Japan invaded China in 1937. In its early years, the country underwent a rather unstable Warlord Era before mostly centralizing in 1928 under the Nationalist government. The Chinese monarchy collapsed in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, when the Republic of China (ROC) replaced the imperial ruling of Qing. The Manchu-led Qing dynasty affirmed its control further and established the basis for the modern Chinese nation, although subsequently suffered significant losses to European imperialism in the 19th century. The Mongol established the Yuan dynasty in 1279 before the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) re-established Han Chinese control. The early modern Song dynasty (960–1279) became urban and commercial while the civilian scholar-officials or literati adopted the examination system and the doctrines of Neo-Confucianism to replace the military aristocrats of earlier dynasties. The Tang welcomed foreign trade and culture over the Silk Road and adapted Buddhism to their needs. After centuries of disunity following the fall of the Han, the Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties reunified the empire. The empire expanded, fractured, and reunified absorbed foreign religions and ideas and made world-leading scientific advances, such as the Four Great Inventions: gunpowder, paper, the compass, and printing. Together they laid the foundation for a political tradition of nearly two millennia in which the Chinese empire was one of the world's foremost economic powers. Fractured by the uprising peasants, the Qin was replaced by Liu Bang's Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). In the third century BCE, the Qin dynasty ended the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period when Qin Shi Huangdi assumed the self-invented title of Huangdi (Emperor of China). Classic literature, and the Hundred Schools of Thought emerged during this period and influenced the region and beyond for centuries to come. Written script was developed and inscription of Bronze and engraving of Oracle bone became common. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a political system to serve hereditary monarchies. The mythical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors marks the beginning of a shared identity. Modern China traces its origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and largest financial center is Shanghai. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macau). With an area of approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the world's third largest country by total land area.
China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world.
It has a population exceeding 1.4 billion. somewhat, more or less, to some extent 3.China ( Chinese: 中国 pinyin: Zhōngguó), officially the People's Republic of China ( PRC), is a country in East Asia. (particle emphasizing the word following it) 6. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. Ni3 xi1 wang4 de5 yue4 xin1 dai4 yu4 shi4 duo1 shao3?ġ. How much monthly salary do you wish to get? Chinese Translation (Traditional):
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